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u Introduction to various Emulator
File Formats
Compiled By Peter Schepers
Started: Aug 24, 1996
Last updated: Nov 27, 2005
Commodore Free Peter kindly let me
reprint 2 articles from his website,
other are available and I suggest you
study them for yourself, the attached
2 I though were worthy of a reprint
There are always questions asked
regarding the various file formats
which are commonly used on either the
emulators or the real C64. Most often
the Question involves conversion...
"What do I do with LNX files?" or "How
do I make these files work on the C64s
emulator?" These documents attempt
toexplain their internal structure,
what to do with them, and some of
their respective strengths and
weaknesses.
These documents were compiled and
written in an attempt to unify all the
other smaller files dealing with
Commodore file types that are floating
about the net, or that exist with
other programs. They are by no means
exhaustive (even though they look like
it), but attempts will be made to keep
them up-to-date, and correct anything
which is wrong. If you spot something
that needs correcting please make sure
to email the author so that
corrections can be made for future
releases... the address is
contained later in this document.
Some of the information contained in
these documents may not be accurate as
it could have been taken from
inaccurate sources, and I have no
first-hand experience with said
format. However, use these, pass
them around, upload them, whatever.
Just be sure to leave them INTACT,
don't remove bits.
I have attempted to categorize the
filetypes involved using three
basiccategories: IMAGES, ARCHIVES and
CONTAINERS. The definitions for each
of these categories can be found at
the bottom of this document.
Also, plenty of good information can
be gleaned from the source code
contained in the archive CBMConvert,
which is on the FTP.FUNET.FI FTP
site.Contained in it are the sources
for UnZipCode, UnLNX, Ark, some LHA
info,etc. It is an invaluable set of
utilities put together by both Marko
Makelaand Paul Doherty.
So far, this document covers the
following files:
* D64 images (1541 disks and some
variants)
* X64 images (for the X64/Vice
emulator)
* T64 containers (for the C64s
emulator)
* T64 .FRZ (FRoZen Files, saved
emulator sessions for C64s)
* PC64 containers (P/S/U/Rxx)
* PC64 .C64 (saved emulator
sessions for PC64)
* D71 images (1571 disks)
* D81 images (1581 disks)
* D80 (8050) & D82 (8250) floppy
images
* G64 images (GCR copy of a 1541
disk)
* D2M images (FD2000 disks)
* DNP images (CMD hard disk native
partitions)
* F64 (not an image file, but a
companion file to D64's)
* N64 (64NET's custom files)
* L64 (64LAN's custom files)
* C64 (PCLINK's custom files)
* CRT images (CCS64 ROM cartridges)
* 64x (PC64 ROM files)
* TAP images (for CCS64, sampled
cassette tapes)
* VSF VICE snapshots
(saved-emulator sessions for VICE)
* WAV Audio RIFF files for the PC
...as well as the following native
C64 types, some of which are also
supported on the various emulators:
* Extensive disk file layout (how
files are stored on 1541/71/81 disks)
* 4-file diskpacked ZipCode
archives (or .Z64, 4 or 5 files,
#!xxxxx)
* 6-file SixPack ZipCode images (or
.Z64, #!!xxxx)
* Filepacked ZipCode archives (or
.Z64, x files, x!xxxxx)
* LNX containers (LyNX)
* ARK containers & SRK archives
(ARKive & compressed ARKive)
* LHA & LZH archives (header
description only)
* SFX archives (SelF-eXtracting
LHA/LZH)
* SDA archives (Self-Dissolving
Archive)
* ARC archives (ARChive)
* ZIP archives (PKZIP)
* CKIT archives (Compression KIT)
* CPK containers
* WRA & WR3 archives (Wraptor,
version 1 to 3)
* LBR containers (LiBRary, C64
only, not the C128 CP/M .LBR files)
* GEOS VLIR files (Variable Length
Index Record)
* REL files (RELative)
* CVT files (GEOS ConVerT)
* SPY containers (SPYne)
* C128 Boot Sector layout
* Binary & PRG (ProGram, with load
address)
Also included is a very basic look
at some C64 graphic bitmap formats (in
BITMAP.TXT), and the saved session
layout of the Macintosh-based C64
emulator "Power64" (in POWER64.TXT).
Thanks to Peter Weighill for the
aboveinfo. Joe Forster/STA has
written up a description of how the
various Commodore drives
(1541/1571/1581) allocate sectors and
directory entries when saving files
(under normal mode and under GEOS). It
is included as DISK.TXT
Right now there are several good
utilities available to work with most
of the mentioned formats. The first is
64COPY, my own conversion program.
The second is Star Commander, by Joe
Forster/STA. Included with his program
are many smaller utilities such as
Star ARK, Star LHA and Star ZIP, which
will convert specific formats to D64
images.
Peter Schepers,
University of Waterloo.
http://www.unusedino.de/ec64/technical
.html
...end...
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